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If the other civilization is deemed benevolent, then how is that verifiable? What is their assessment of our civilization? Over such vast distances, information is highly asymmetric and leads to an endless chain of suspicion that culminates with a first strike becoming rational. If the other civilization is malevolent, then a first strike is prudent. When one civilization encounters another, they do not know the other’s true intentions. Chains of suspicion: Civilizations are either benevolent or malevolent, i.e.Two assumptions illuminate the nuance of interaction between galactic civilizations: But what differentiates these interactions from those that exist between civilizations co-existing on a single planet… In effect, natural selection occurs on a galactic scale and competition will take place for the galaxy’s finite resources.Civilization continuously grows and expands, but the total matter in the universe remains constant.Survival is the primary need of civilization.Cosmic sociology puts forth the following axioms to predict interactions between galactic civilizations: